Professor Chen’s research has focused on the identification, conservation, and quality assurance of traditional Chinese medicine resources, with particular emphasis on establishing herbal genomics as a systematic research field. By integrating molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, he has developed genomic and computational approaches for the authentication of medicinal species, the investigation of biosynthetic pathways, and the assessment of the quality and safety of herbal products. He has authored 580 peer-reviewed publications in leading journals, including Nature, Cell, PNAS, Nature Plants, and Nature Communications, with an h-index of 86 and more than 46,000 citations. His research has contributed to the development of national and international standards for the identification and quality control of herbal medicines and to the application of modern genomic methods in traditional medicine research. His contributions to genome-based authentication and resource assessment have also supported more systematic approaches to the conservation and sustainable utilisation of medicinal plants. Through sustained leadership of major national research programmes, international scientific collaborations, and WHO initiatives in traditional medicine, Professor Chen has contributed to connecting traditional Chinese medicine knowledge with contemporary genomic science and to strengthening the scientific foundations for the quality assurance, sustainable utilisation, and modern development of traditional medicinal resources.