Professor Zhao’s research has centred on biologically targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy, with liver cancer as a major disease model. His team has investigated tumour-associated targets and targeting molecules and developed approaches for both in-vitro and in-vivo biologically targeted diagnosis and treatment. A major line of his work has been the development of targeted therapeutic systems combining tumour-associated targets, targeting molecules, and tumour vasculature to improve the localisation of anti-tumour effects and facilitate treatment monitoring. He has also investigated therapeutic strategies based on immune responses to tumour cells, including the use of genetically modified oncolytic viruses to stimulate targeted anti-tumour immunity. His research has included the development of a gene-edited non-human primate model of liver cancer and the clinical investigation of the oncolytic virus NDV-GT. In 2025, his team reported in Cell results from an interventional clinical study of intravenous oncolytic-virus therapy in patients with refractory advanced cancers, providing clinical data for further evaluation of this therapeutic approach. Professor Zhao has led more than 30 national research projects, including projects under the National Science and Technology Major Project for the Creation of New Drugs, and holds more than 40 authorised national invention patents together with international patent applications. He has published more than 180 SCI-indexed papers as corresponding author in journals including Nature Biotechnology, Cell, and Advanced Materials. His research has received national and regional scientific awards, including the First Prize of the Ministry of Education Natural Science Award and the China Patent Excellence Award. He has also contributed to the development of biomedical research and education in western China and has trained more than 100 postdoctoral researchers and graduate students. Through sustained work spanning tumour-target discovery, targeted therapy, clinical translation, and scientific training, Professor Zhao has contributed to the development of targeted oncology and translational cancer research in China.