Professor Cheng’s research combines tissue engineering and biomaterials with clinical studies of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the most common spinal deformity among adolescents. His work in regenerative medicine has examined the interaction of biomaterials with bone and soft tissue, stem-cell-based approaches to musculoskeletal regeneration, and the development of biomaterial scaffolds for bone and cartilage repair. In parallel, his clinical research on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has addressed the natural history and progression of the condition, three-dimensional surgical correction, and long-term treatment outcomes. Through his clinical programme at Prince of Wales Hospital and the CUHK–Nanjing University Joint Research Centre for Scoliosis, he has contributed clinical evidence relevant to the surgical management of spinal deformity in Chinese populations and to the training of spinal surgeons in Hong Kong and mainland China. His research has also supported the translation of regenerative medicine and biomaterials research from laboratory studies towards clinical application. Professor Cheng has published more than 250 scientific papers and led 15 research projects funded by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong. Through sustained work in paediatric orthopaedic surgery, spinal deformity correction, regenerative medicine, and medical education, he has contributed to the development of orthopaedic practice in Hong Kong and to research in tissue engineering and biomaterials in China.